service://doman-name-of-site-supplying-service/full-path-name-of-item
Be careful that the names you type are correct in terms of upper or lower case of letters, spelling, and punctuation.
| Resource or Service | URL begins with | Example |
| Web Pages | http:// | http://www.yahoo.com/science. Yahoo! directory section Science |
| FTP | ftp:// | ftp://ftp.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/images/browse/. A directory of images from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's public information FTP archive. |
| Gopher | gopher:// | gopher://chet.ocs.union.edu:70/11/library/virtual. Virtual Reference Desk at Union College Library. |
| Telnet | telnet:// | telnet://locis.loc.gov. Search
holdings of Library of Congress telnet://world@psupen.psu.edu Pen pages.
Use the log-in name world once you're connected.
telnet://culine.colorado.edu:860. Schedule for National Hockey League, 860 is a port number |
| mailto: | mailto:ernie@mwc.edu. Send an e-mail message to the address ernie@mwc.edu. | |
| Usenet News | news: | news:rec.food.cooking URL to read articles in the news group rec.food.cooking |
What a delightful thing is the conversation of specialists! One
understands absolutely nothing and it's charming.-Edgar Degas (1834-1917), French painter, sculptor. Quoted by Daniel Halévy, 31 Jan. 1892, in Degas
Letters, Appendix (ed. by Marcel Guerin, 1947).
Get comfortable with the tools you're using.
, select Edit from the Menu Bar and then select Find, or use Ctrl+F from the keyboard.
Once that's up you type in a string (words or characters) and press Enter or click on the button Find Next. You can cancel a search by clicking on the button labeled Cancel. You can search in one of two directions. "Down" searches from your current position to the end of the document. "Up" searches from the current position to the beginning of the document. Mark the box "match Case' if you want to match the string exactly.
.
, by choosing Back from the Go menu in Menu Bar, or by pressing Alt+<- from the keyboard. 
, by choosing Forward from the Go menu in Menu Bar, or by pressing Alt+-> from the keyboard.
To use the history list, bring it up on to the screen by pressing Ctrl+H from the keyboard or clicking on Go from the Menu Bar and selecting View History ... from that menu. Figure 2.4 illustrates a sample history list. The highlighted item shows the title and URL of the current page. You can select and highlight any item by using the up or down arrow on the keyboard or by using the mouse. Once you've highlighted the location you want, click on the button labeled GoTo or you can double click on the highlighted item. The button labeled Create Bookmark will add the URL and name of the highlighted item to your bookmark list.
To use the Bookmark List to go from the current Web page to another, first bring the list into view on the screen by pressing Ctrl+B from the keyboard, or select the pull-down menu Bookmarks from the Menu Bar and then selecting Go to Bookmarks. To highlight or select an item on the list use the up or down arrows on the keyboard or the mouse. Then press Enter or double click on the item with the mouse.
To add an item to the bookmark list, press CTRL+D or seelct Add Bookmark from the menu Bookmarks
In order to access the Internet you need hardware and software to exchange packets/information according to TCP/IP with the systems on the Internet. This gives you a connection that allows you to work with the Internet in both a text and graphical mode. This is done in two ways: connecting directly to a network from your computer ny having a network card with TCP/IP software, or using a dial-up connection where your computer uses a modem and software for SLIP or PPP to connect to a network.
With either of these you've got access to all the services and resources on the Internet. This is the type of connection you need to use the graphical World Wide Web browsers such as Netscape, Microsoft Internet Explorer, or Mosaic.
If you have a serial or dial-up (not IP) connection you can access Internet services and resources only in a text mode. Typically that involves using a terminal or using a modem to dial a larger system with a connection to the Internet.
Some of the navigational aids that are part of most Web browsers.
You use those to "surf the Web." Start at one page and follow hyperlinks
form site to site, building a bookmark list.
Fun, but then everyone has to build their own list or use a list from
someone else.
A list of Web pages or URLs is useful if the items are classified in some sort of hierarchical scheme; a directory or subject tree. Looking through directories is appropriate when you want to peruse a collection of items in a specific category.
Suppose, for example, you wanted to find information about a specific operating system. You could use a directory that had a category "operating systems". Several subject trees were very well developed when Gopher was the rage, and there are several good subject trees or directories as part of the WWW.
The depth and breadth of the subject tree have an impact on whether it will be useful to a large audience. Including some descriptive information or a review of items in the directory is also important to efficient retrieval of pertinent items.
Construction and maintenance of a subject tree: adding items, wring the reviews, deleting items, is labor-intensive and hasn't been automated to a high degree.
| Argus/ University of Michigan Clearinghouse for Subject-Oriented Internet Resource Guides | Many listings are reviewed and rated. |
| Excite Directory | |
| GNN Select or Whole Internet Catalog | |
| Information Sources-The Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication | |
| Inter-Links | Created and is maintained by Rob Kabacoff, from the Center for Psychological Studies at Nova Southeastern University, in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. |
| Internet Services List | <Created and maintained by Scott Yannoff, is a list of sites and services on the Internet. |
| The McKinley Internet Directory | Also known as Magellan. All entries are reviewed and many are rated. |
| Tradewave Galaxy, or Galaxy | A comprehensive directory in which several of the areas are monitored and developed by volunteers or "guest editors." |
| World Wide Web Virtual Library Arranged by Subject | This extensive directory is staffed entirely by volunteers and has existed almost since the beginning of the World Wide Web. Topics range from aboriginal studies to zoos. |
| Yahoo | The premier and perhaps most extensive directory on the World Wide Web |
Directories give one possibility for making information accessible. Another is to provide the tools to search a database.
Search engines are programs that take a query from a user (client) search an indexed database of information retrieved from a variety of sources. The ones used on the Web all have information collected from Web pages and some also contain items from Usenet newsgroups, Gopher menus, and other resources.
The database is built by a robot, software that goes throughout the Web from URL to URL gathering information that's indexed in the database. Some of the search engines index only the title and the URL for a Web page, some do full-text indexing, some retrieve the most important concepts of a Web page.
| Alta-Vista | Simple keyword or more complex boolean expressions including proximity | Full text of Web pages and Usenet newsgroups. |
| Excite | Either all words (concept) or any word (keyword) in a phrase. | Select one of Web pages (full text), Usenet articles, or Classified ads from Usenet articles. |
| Galaxy | All words or any word in a phrase. Boolean expressions allowed | Select one or more from Web pages (full text, titles, hyperlinks), Gopher sources, or Telnet directory |
| InfoSeek | All words or any word in a phrase. Boolean phrases allowed-also can require exact match, proper names, words appearing in specified order, and words appearing near each other (proximity). | Web pages or Usenet newsgroups. |
| Lycos | All words (AND), any word (OR), or a number of words (2,3,..,7) in a phrase. Allows for different degrees of matching from "loose" to "strict." | Web pages, Gopher menus, FTP |
| Open Text | Exact phrase, all words, any words. Other options include boolean expressions and proximity constraints in search phrases. | Web pages, Usenet newsgroups, FTP, and Gopher. |
| WebCrawler | Keyword, boolean expressions. | Web pages. |
Collections of Search Tools
Some folks have put together Web pages that contain a collection of search engines or tools.
| All-in-one Search Page | http://www.albany.net/allinone/ |
| Search.com | http://www.search.com |
| Internet Sleuth | http://www.intbc.com/sleuth |
Others have constructed meta-search services. Several search engines are accessed, results are obtained and compiled.
| Meta Crawler | http://www.metacrawler.com |
| Savvy Search | http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~dreiling/smartform.html |
Conclusion
We've mentioned two forms of finding information or discovering resources
on the World Wide Web: subject trees
(directories) and search engines.
When searching for information related
to a topic, a directory might be better to
use are several ways to find information that's part of the World Wide
Web.
Search engines are more appropriate
to finding information on a specific topic and often bring together items
that would be listed in different categories
in a subject tree.
Search engines take a key word or phrase as input, search
an indexed database, and return, for
each item retrieved, a hyperlink and (often) an abstract or extract of the
resource. Web pages are also available
containing collections of search engines. Some meta-search tools, which pass
the search phrase to several search
engines are available as well.
Compare and/or rate search engines
Descriptions of search engines/robots
A list of hyperlinks to related items