Workshop on Internet Services and Resources Presented at Fifth National Conference Council on Undergraduate Research Bates College June, 1994 Mathematics and Computer Science Division Ernest Ackermann Department of Computer Science Mary Washington College Fredericksburg, VA 22401 ernie@oregano.mwc.edu The Internet The Internet is a network of networks, consisting of over 20,000 networks, more than 1,000,000 computer systems, and 30 Million individuals. The Internet is a packet-switched network. Networks on the Internet agree to communicate by the internet protocol (IP). Information is broken into packets which contain the address of the destination and the address of the sender. The packets are passed from one network to another until they all arrive and are reassembled into a message. Basic Services: e-mail: Electronic mail. Allow a user at one site to send a message to a user at another without the other user having to be logged in. telnet: Allow a user at one site to login to another computer on the Internet and use selected facilities there. The systems are not directly connected so needed to create a virtual connection. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is used. ftp: Allow a user at one site to retrieve files from another system on the Internet. ftp stands for File Transfer Protocol. Group Communication: Discussion Groups, Interest Groups, Listservers, Mailing Lists: Groups or lists dealing with a predefined topic. One example is CUR-L . Users communicate with the group. Messages are delivered to each member of the group. Usenet: User's network. Collection of system that agree to exchange files each associated with a topic or subject area. The topics or subject areas are called newsgroups and the messages in a newsgroup are called articles. Articles are passed from site to site. "Usenet is the set of people who exchange articles tagged with one or more universally-recognized labels, called 'newsgroups'(or 'groups' for short)." Navigating and Searching the Internet: Archie: Search a data base of anonymous ftp sites, based on a keyword . Returns the names of sites which hold items matching the keyword. Hytelnet: A hypertext interface to telnet sites arranged according to services provided. A user on a UNIX or VMS system can choose a site and connect via telnet. Gopher: A menu based document delivery system. User can access various types of information such as files, documents, address books, and images. Also allows access to ftp, telnet and searchable data bases. Veronica: Search Gopher menus throughout the Internet. WAIS: Wide area information system. A user from one location can search data bases dispersed on the Internet. WWW: World wide web. Hypertext access to all varieties of resources and services on the Internet. Some examples are Mosaic and lynx. Domain Names and Addresses Each node on the Internet has a fully qualified domain name. For example, oregano.mwc.edu nssdca.gfsc.nasa.gov askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de These are either 3 or 4 strings separated by dots (periods). The names are associated with numerical IP (Internet Protocol) addresses domain name IP Address oregano.mwc.edu 192.65.245.77 nssdca.gfsc.nasa.gov 128.183.10.4 askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de 192.67.194.33 The domain names are specified by levels. The most general level or group is on the right and gets more specific as you move to the left in the name. The top-level domains can give an indication of the nature or location of a site. Top-level domain Type of Organization Example com commercial organizations quake.think.com edu educational institutions oregano.mwc.edu gov government (US) nssdca.gfsc.nasa.gov mil military (US) nic.ddn.mil net networks ftp.sura.net org non-profit organization gopher.eff.org Some domains are specified by country nri.reston.va.us askhp.ask.uni-karlsruhe.de info.cern.ch User addresses A user's Internet address has the form local-address@domain-name. Where local-address is often a user's login name. For example, ernie@oregano.mwc.edu hostmaster@internic.net postmaster@any-domain-name Sometimes you'll see addresses of the form coco%jojovm.bitnet@brownvm.brown.edu coco%jojo.ffolo.edu@vm.tcs.tulane.edu In these cases the local address is handled by a gateway through the domain name to the right of the @. A gateway is a system that provides information transfer between the Internet and another type of network. For example several gateways exist between the Internet and BITNET. Gateways have also been used to allow for commercial services to communicate with sites that are part of NSFNET. Electronic Mail To send electronic mail to someone you need to know their Internet address. For nodes that are directly connected to the Internet this address is usually login-name@domain-name Its generally possible to send e-mail from the Internet to other major networks. Here are a few examples of how to address mail to another network. Network Example user Address From the Internet America On Line My Buddy mybuddy@aol.com Applelink buddy buddy@applelink.apple.com BITNET buddy@site buddy@site.bitnet Compuserve 1234,897 1234.897@compuserve.com FidoNet my buddy at 5:6/7.8 mybuddy@p8.f7.n6.z5fidonet.org GEnie buddy buddy@genie.geis.com MCIMail My Buddy (123-5678) 1235678@mcimail.com Prodigy buddy buddy@prodigy.com Finding e-mail addresses * Ask! Call a friend; send a note by snail mail. (Usually the easiest) * Check for address on resume, business card, stationary. * Look at return address or From: or Reply-To: headers on e-mail. * Send e-mail to postmaster@domain-name * Use an automated service Some examples of automated services are WHOIS - telnet nic.ddn.mil Phone Books - gopher consultant.micro.umn.edu KNOWBOT - telnet nri.reston.va.us NetFind - telnet ds.internic.net Send e-mail to mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu with the message: send usenet-addresses/name Telnet The command telnet allows you to login to a remote computer. In essence this creates a virtual terminal session on the remote system and you can use it as if you were directly connected to that system. Naturally you have to have permission to login to the remote system. Telnet allows systems to make services/resources available to remote users. These are generally accessible through login names that are available to the public. You use the command by entering telnet domain-name telnet IP-address or telnet domain-name port-number In the first two cases you usually have to supply a login name and maybe a password. In the latter case your terminal session doesn't require a login name, and a session is started soon after the server responds. Here is a brief example to demonstrate starting and quitting telnet. telnet stis.nsf.gov Trying... After you give the telnet command you'll see Connected to stis.nsf.gov. Escape character is '^]'. Note this! It represents CTRL-] and allows you to get to your client to issue local commands. SunOS UNIX (stis.nsf.gov) login: public This site requires a login name of public, BUT no password. Last login: Fri Jun 17 14:04:01 from uclac3.chem.ucla SunOS Release 4.1.1 (STIS) #3: Tue Jan 7 15:01:45 EST 1992 Welcome to the On-Line STIS System! This system allows you to perform sophisticated text searches on NSF Publications and our database of award abstracts. The search engine is TOPIC, from Verity, Inc. If you are not familiar with TOPIC, please download the STIS User's Guide and follow the tutorial, since you may not find the software to be completely intuitive. If you cannot download the Guide, please call the NSF Information Center at 703-306-1234, and request a printed copy of NSF publication NSF 94-10. Here typed CTRL-]. Gives the prompt telnet> telnet> quit Type quit, press return/enter. Terminate session. Connection closed. Note: * You are communicating with a server on a host through your client. * If host isn't available you might see Unknown Host, or Unable to connect to remote host: Connection Refused. * Most of the responses come from the host. * Use ^] to get to your client. This is very useful if you get lost or stuck or don't know how to log out. If you use ^] you'll see the prompt telnet>. That's your client talking! * There are a number of commands you can enter, the most common of which is quit to terminate the session. To see all commands type ? . * If you use a port number with the telnet command then you don't have to supply a login name. Examples: telnet camms2.caos.kun.nl 2034 Electronic Periodic Table of Elements telnet wind.atmos.uah.edu 3000 Weather service. HYTELNET The software hytelnet, written and maintained by Peter Scott (aa375@freenet.carleton.ca) with Unix and VMS software by Earl Fogel (fogel@herald.usask.edu), provides a hypertext interface to a large variety of telnet accessible sites. It allows you to locate and connect to telnet sites on the Internet. Hytelnet runs locally and makes the telnet connections from your site. You need only to select a library, database, bulletin board, or some other type of resources and the program invokes telnet or tn3270. It also provides a glossary of network terms and other information about telnet, hytelnet itself, and software used on various library systems. Hytelnet is a hypertext browser so you move from one highlighted region of the screen to another using up/down arrows, jump to another topic by using the right arrow key ( -> ), and return to the previous topic using the left arrow key ( <- ). When you come upon a screen that contains information about a site you want to connect to: 1. READ the information on the screen. 2. Make notes about login names, passwords, or any other information you'll need to access or navigate through the remote system. 3. Press RETURN or the right arrow to make the connection. Remember that ^] will get you out of an undesirable situation. When you start you see: Welcome to HYTELNET version 6.7 May 14, 1994 What is HYTELNET? Library catalogs Other resources Help files for catalogs Catalog interfaces Internet Glossary Telnet tips Telnet/TN3270 escape keys Key-stroke commands .................................................................. Up/Down arrows MOVE Left/Right arrows SELECT ? for HELP anytime m returns here i searches the index q quits ........................................................................ HYTELNET 6.7 was written by Peter Scott E-mail address: aa375@freenet.carleton.ca Unix and VMS software by Earl Fogel Anonymous FTP There is a wealth of information stored in files available to anyone on the Internet. Sharing information is at its foundation; in fact one of the primary reasons for creating the Internet was so that researchers could exchange ideas and results of their work. One of the basic Internet services is designed to copy files from one computer system to another. Its name is ftp which stands for file transfer protocol. ftp is precisely the tool or service you want to use when you need to quickly retrieve a file. Its most effective to use when you know the exact location file name, directory name, and Internet name of a remote computer system - of a file. It lets you retrieve files from a large number and variety of computer systems. You use it to copy a file from one computer system to another. Anonymous ftp allows you to retrieve files that are publicly available from another computer system on the Internet. Naturally the other computer has to be set up to allow for this. Systems that allow anonymous ftp sessions are called anonymous ftp sites and the collection of files they make available are called ftp archives. Anonymous ftp isn't meant to be a tool for browsing. It is, however, very effective and relatively easy to use if you know the complete location of a file on the Internet. The term complete location means the exact name of the file, the directory its stored in, and the domain name of the site at which its located. For example, a copy of the United Nations Charter is in the file named un_charter.txt in the directory /cpsr/privacy/privacy_international/international_laws at cpsr.org. You can retrieve it, copy it to your computer system, with just a few commands. You access an anonymous ftp site by giving the command ftp followed by the domain name or address of the remote system. Once ftp makes the connection to the ftp site you will be prompted to enter a user name. Enter the user name anonymous - that's where the term anonymous ftp comes from. Next you'll be prompted for a password. Proper network etiquette requires you to give your e-mail address as the password. Most anonymous ftp sites keep a log of who uses the service. In rare cases you'll have to use the password guest. When you want to retrieve a file by anonymous ftp you need to know * the name of the file * the name of the directory that holds the file * the Internet name of the anonymous ftp site hosting the file. You also need to know if the file contains only plain text or if its in some other form. If its a text file then it can be transferred in ascii mode. Otherwise you need to give the ftp command binary before you copy it to your system. If the archive site is a UNIX system then you don't have to worry about setting the transfer mode. Here are the steps you follow to retrieve a file. 1. Start the ftp session with the command ftp followed by the name of anonymous ftp site. 2. Give the user name anonymous when the remote site prompts for Name: 3. Give your e-mail address when the remote site prompts for Password: 4. Use the ftp command cd to change or move to the directory that holds the file. 5. Either give the command ascii or binary to set the transfer mode. 6. Use the ftp command get to retrieve the file. 7. Give the ftp command quit to end the ftp session. Be careful that the names you type are correct in terms of upper or lower case of letters, spelling, and punctuation. Citations or references to files available by anonymous ftp are often given in as a URL or Uniform Resource Locator in the following form ftp://name-of-ftp-site/directory-name/file-name To make the steps concrete we'll retrieve two files noted as ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Net_info/gender_in_networking.paper ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Publications/CuD/Papers/gender-issues.gz You enter ftp ftp.eff.org Step 1 anonymous Step 2 your.e-mail.address Step 3 cd /pub/Net_info Step 4 ascii Step 5 - optional for UNIX systems get gender_in_networking.paper Step 6 cd /pub/Publications/CuD/Papers Step 4 binary Step 5 - optional for UNIX systems get gender-issues.gz Step 6 quit Step 7 Other ftp commands you are likely to use are dir Display the contents of the current directory. help or ? List available ftp commands. Also to get help on a specific command as in help mget mget Retrieve a collection of files. The characters * or ? match portions of a name. Use * to match any sequence of characters and ? to match a single character. Examples: mget eag*gif or mget eagle?.gif Files or collections of files are often stored in compressed form. You retrieve them with a binary transfer and then you need to use another program, different than ftp to uncompress and separate them. Finally, remember that anonymous ftp sites are supported as a service to Internet users. Individual sites may have policies that limit or restrict access depending on time of day or number of users. Respect the policies and wishes stated at anonymous ftp sites. ARCHIE There are millions of files available by anonymous ftp. The software for the archie system was developed to find the location of the files you might want to retrieve. You can query the archie data base in a number of ways; using e-mail to an archie server, telnet to an archie server, or using an archie client on your system. The client is faster and most archie server sites prefer that you use it. In either case you enter the name of a file to be searched for. Archie only finds things for you, it doesn't retrieve them. You'll have to use ftp for that. Suppose we were looking for the file named compression. By e-mail: send email to archie@nic.sura.net elm archie@nic.sura.net Subject: prog compression Now enter a message whose first line is quit Anything else in the message will be ignored. To receive information on how to use archie send e-mail to an archie server with the subject help. As in elm archie@nic.sura.net Subject: help Now enter a message whose first line is quit Anything else in the message will be ignored. Using the command archie: The command archie starts an archie client on your system. This will go to the Archie server and ask it to return the list of all systems which have a file named compression in its ftp area. Type archie compression Press Enter/Return The results of the archie search will be displayed on your screen. In some cases the response by an archie server is more than will fit on one screen. In that case give the command archie compression |pg This will allow you to control the flow of the list on the screen. Regardless of the method you might see references such as Host world.std.com Location: /obi/Standards FILE -rw-rw-r-- 15746 Sep 21 1991 compression Host gumby.dsd.trw.com Location: /pub/macintosh DIRECTORY drwxr-xr-x 512 Oct 30 16:00 compression Host von-neum.uni-muenster.de Location: /pub/sounds DIRECTORY drwxrwxr-x 512 May 28 1993 compression Host faramir.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de Location: /pub/genesis/lyrics/rutherford/xtras FILE -rwxr--r-- 1071 Apr 25 1993 compression To retrieve one of the files enter ftp faramir.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de Name: anonymous Password: your e-mail address cd /pub/genesis/lyrics/rutherford/xtras get compression quit In another case you would see an entry such as Host von-neum.uni-muenster.de Location: /pub/sounds DIRECTORY drwxrwxr-x 512 May 28 1993 compression Here compression is the name of a directory. You can browse the directory as shown in the next example. ftp von-neum.uni-muenster.de Name: anonymous Password: your e-mail address cd pub/sounds dir This will list the files. There may be many of them! Use CTRL-S to stop the display, and CTRL-Q to start it again. There are a number of options available with the command archie. To read about all of them type man archie and press return. Here are some. -c Search substrings paying attention to upper & lower case. -e Exact string match. (This is the default.) -l Output results in a form suitable for parsing by programs. -m hits Maximum number of hits to return (default 95) -ofilename Place the results of the search in filename. -s Search substrings ignoring the case of the letters. -t Sort the results inverted by date. So if you wanted to find all occurrences of a file or directory which had the string compression in it, and you wanted these sorted so that the most recent one appeared first, and you wanted the results stored in a file named where_compression you would enter archie -st -o where_compression compression Archie was conceived and implemented by Alan Emtage, Peter Deutsch, Bill Heelan all at Mcgill University, Quebec, Montreal. INTEREST GROUPS Here we'll be concerned with electronic interest groups or as they are sometimes called Listservers or discussion groups. The points covered are (1) identifying or choosing a group (2) the address used to join a group (3) the address used to contribute to a group (4) services are available from groups (5) unsubscribing or leaving a group. There are over five thousand interest groups available and active on the Internet. These cover a large range of topics. Interest groups are particularly useful to users who wish to discuss issues with a larger group than may be present at one institution, who wish to find resources related to their interests or classwork, or who wish to be informed of some of the current activity within a discipline or sub-discipline. * It is reasonable to think of an interest group as a public forum for discussions or posting information. * Messages sent to the group may be read by any member of the group. * Many of the groups keep archives of past messages and provide other services such as the names of the members of the list. * A member can merely observe other discussions, join into a discussion, post information that may be of benefit to others in the group, or become aware of opportunities. For example, one often sees announcements of conferences or special events on interest groups. * Some groups serve as a digest for questions posed about a topic. (1) Identifying or choosing a group There are a number of lists of lists or groups available on the internet. You need to get copies of them or search them to find the name of a group you'd like to subscribe to or join. * Send e-mail to listserv@kentvm.kent.edu with no subject. The message should be GET ACADLIST FILE1 * Use anonymous ftp to ksuvxa.kent.edu and get the file acadlist.file1 from the directory library. URL ftp://ksuvxa.kent.edu/library/acadlist.file1 * Another list is available from crvax.sri.com in the directory netinfo. Get the file interest-groups. URL ftp://crvax.sri.com/netinfo/interest-groups * Use gopher to the Virtual Reference Desk offered by UC Irvine. Type gopher peg.cwis.uci.edu. URL gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu/ * Use Mosaic or lynx to Nova-Links and look under Internet Resources. URL http://alpha.acast.nova.edu/listserv.html Also read Overcoming Isolation in Teaching and Research, Leslie Brown, Council on Undergraduate Research Quarterly, Volume 14, Number 4, June 1994. Information on CUR-L Group Name: CUR-L DESCRIPTION: Council on Undergraduate Research To subscribe to CUR-L send the message SUB CUR-L your full name to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.NCSU.EDU (2) the address used to join a group Note: the message should only contain the line starting with SUB For example: SUB CUR-L Mary H. Washington Once you subscribe you'll get a message from the list indicating the address to use to communicate with the group, an address of a manager of the list, and perhaps some information about the commands you can send to server. * You are sending a request to a software system that acts as a server for the list; in this case its called Listserv. This may manage several lists available from a single site. * All requests for service: subscribe, signoff, index of files, list of members are sent to the listserv. * To get a list of available services send the message help by e-mail to the server. * You send messages to the address of the group: CUR-L@listserv.ncsu.edu * Learn to reply to the author and not always to the list. (1) identifying or choosing a group Find a collection of lists to identify a group to join (2) the address used to join a group In this case it is LISTSERV@listserv.ncsu.edu So you send email to LISTSERV@listserv.ncsu.edu and your message consists only of sub cur-l your_full_name (3) the address used to contribute to a group Send email to the group, not to the LISTSERV. In this case it is CUR-L@listserv.ncsu.edu. So if you want to post a question, make a statement, or help someone out, you send email to CUR-L@LISTSERV.NCSU.EDU (4) services are available from groups The services available and the ways to access these services will most likely be contained in the response from the LISTSERV. Save it as you may need it later. Services include a list of members, access to archives of previous discussions, etc. You can get a list of available services by sending the message help to the server. (5) unsubscribing or leaving a group. Send email to the LISTSERV, not to the group. In this case you would send email to LISTSERV@LISTSERV.NCSU.EDU, and the message consists only of signoff cur-l. USENET Usenet news was started to share information among users of Unix computer systems. The news is a collection of messages, called articles, where each one is designated as belonging to one or more newsgroups. These were and still are transmitted from site to site by UUCP. Now there are protocols available to send the news via the Internet. An administrator specifies which articles are accepted at her site by designating the names of acceptable newsgroups. She can also specify the names of newsgroups that will be passed to another site. That way newsgroups are passed around the Usenet community. Users at a site can usually select any of the groups that are available and often have the capability to reply to, follow up, or post an article. Its like an Internet-wide bulletin board service. Some estimates put the number of participants at over 10 million world wide. There isn't any central control over Usenet. A local administrator can decide which groups to receive and whether to allow articles to be passed along. There usually isn't a means to screen articles from a group or screen articles that go out. Its close to anarchy, but its the independent participation that gives it its vibrancy and strength. You do have to remember that when you post an article or respond to an article you are committing a public act. Once a message leaves your site there is not a lot that can be reliably done to stop it from finding its way around the world. There are several thousand newsgroups. They are arranged into categories. Some of the major categories are alt Anything goes bit Groups also available through LISTSERV on BITNET comp Groups dealing with computing and computer science rec Groups that are recreational. sci Groups dealing with topics in the sciences. soc Groups dealing with social issues and various cultures. The articles are read by software called a newsreader. Some of the more popular ones are rn, trn, and tin. The last two collect articles within a group into threads - ones that all deal with an original posting. That makes it easier to keep track of a discussion about a single article. The name of a newsgroup consists of several strings (from 2 to 5) separated by dots ".". The name is constructed to be read from left to right becoming more specific as one moves to the right. Here are a few examples: bionet.cellbiol.cytonet A forum for research on the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane and cell wall. bionet.immunology Discussions about research in immunology. bionet.virology Discussions about research in virology. comp.compression.research Discussions about data compression research. (Moderated) (Moderated) comp.graphics.research Highly technical computer graphics discussion. (Moderated) comp.music Applications of computers in music research. comp.os.research Operating systems and related areas. (Moderated) comp.research.japan The nature of research in Japan. (Moderated) misc.education.adult Adult education and adult literacy practice/research. sci.astro.research Forum in astronomy/astrophysics research. (Moderated) sci.bio.ecology Ecological research. sci.comp-aided The use of computers as tools in scientific research. sci.econ.research Research in all fields of economics. (Moderated) sci.math.research Discussion of current mathematical research. (Moderated) sci.op-research Research, teaching & application of operations research. sci.physics.research Current physics research. (Moderated) sci.psychology.research Research issues in psychology. (Moderated) sci.research Research methods, funding, ethics, and whatever. sci.research.careers Issues relevant to careers in scientific research. GOPHER gopher has become one of the most popular tools for navigating the Internet. It was developed at the University of Minnesota, the source code is available for a variety of platforms, and is relatively easy to install, administer and use. The gopher system was designed to deliver documents in an academic environment. The user works with a hierarchical menu system to retrieve information. The software operates according to a client/server model. You start a client on your local system which communicates with a server. The server returns either menus (directory list) or documents. The menus and documents can reside anywhere on the Internet. Furthermore the documents can be one of a variety of types: file, directory, CSO phone book. BinHexed Macintosh file, DOS binary archive, uuencoded file, a telnet or tn3270 session, some sort of image file, or a index-search server. Once an item is retrieved it can be displayed, saved to a local file, printed, mailed to a user, or downloaded to the user's system. The "home" gopher server, the first one, is at University of Minnesota. You can access it by telnet using telnet consultant.micro.umn.edu. From there you can reach gopher servers throughout the world. Or if you have a gopher client on your system then you can access it by "pointing" your gopher to that site by entering gopher gopher.tc.umn.edu If you're using a client you type gopher and press return which connects you to a gopher server. Which one you're connected to depends on the defaults set when your client was created. Gopher is very easy to use and has become very popular. Gopher servers abound, and some folks are beginning to say that there are too many of them. The site that runs a server chooses the entries in the menus. Some sites have arranged items according to subject matter which make it helpful to find relevant information. One site that has a rather full list of topics relating to computing is riceinfo.rice.edu. Gopher also allows you to set "bookmarks" to note sites to which you'd like to return. You can easily spend hours moving through "gopherspace" finding interesting topics and information. Here is an example from my home system, gopher.mwc.edu. gopher Enter command to start the client. The server responds. Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pl6 Root gopher server: server2.mwc.edu --> 1. A Guide to the MWC Gopher. 2. Mary Washington College Info/ 3. The Academic Program/ 4. The Campus/ 5. The Computer Center/ 6. The Health Center/ 7. The Internet/ 8. The Library/ 9. The Student Center/ 10. The attic/ 11. University of Minnesota Gopher/ 12. examples/ 13. test-area/ Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/1 Use arrow key to select item 7, or type 7 and press return/enter Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pl6 Root gopher server: server2.mwc.edu 1. A Guide to the MWC Gopher. 2. Mary Washington College Info/ 3. The Academic Program/ 4. The Campus/ 5. The Computer Center/ 6. The Health Center/ --> 7. The Internet/ 8. The Library/ 9. The Student Center/ 10. The attic/ 11. University of Minnesota Gopher/ 12. examples/ 13. test-area/ Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/1 Press Return/Enter to retrieve item 7 Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pl6 The Internet --> 1. College News Association - News Releases/ 2. Experienced Internet User Q&A (fyi.7, rcf1207). 3. Explore Internet Resources - from W&L/ 4. Gopher Jewels/ 5. Information About Gopher/ 6. Internet Information/ ........ 14. Virtual Reference Desk/ Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/1 Entries on a menu indicate what type of resource you're dealing with. Here are a few . indicates a file / indicates a directory indicates a searchable index indicates a telnet connection Veronica Gopher has become such a popular means for distributing information on the Internet that its necessary to have a means of searching gopher menus for appropriate topics. One tool to do that is veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives). You initiate a veronica search by choosing it on a gopher menu and then giving a keyword or keywords. Gopher servers throughout the world are searched and you receive a menu of topics which contain your keyword. In this example we use the facilities at University of Nevada-Reno to perform a veronica search using the key words undergraduate research. Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pl6 Veronica 1. Frequently asked questions about Veronica (FAQ). 2. How to compose Veronica queries (June 24, 1993) READ ME!!. 3. Search Gopherspace (Imperial College, London) 4. Search Gopherspace (NYSERNet, New York) 5. Search Gopherspace (PSI, California) 6. Search Gopherspace (SUNET, Sweden) 7. Search Gopherspace (University of Manchester, UK) --> 8. Search Gopherspace (University of Nevada-Reno) 9. Search Gopherspace (University of Pisa, Italy) Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/1 Internet Gopher Information Client 2.0 pl6 --> 1. Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)/ 2. 15. Undergraduate Research Reports (2 credits). F,W,S. 3. Undergraduate Research Opportunities. 4. R3: GM-92-003 SUPPLEMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE PR... 5. GM-92-003 SUPPLEMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH EXPERIENCE PROGRA. 6. Undergraduate Research. 7. journal of undergraduate research/ 8. Journal of Undergraduate Research/ 9. 02/10/94 SUPPORT FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH ($500.00). 10. Undergraduate Summer Research Program. 11. Undergraduate Summer Research Program. 12. UVA Undergraduate fellow research talks. 13. 93-04-05-17: Journal Of Undergraduate Research. 14. 93-10-07-09: SYMPOSIUM: Undergraduate Research in the Biological S... 15. nsf91122 - NSF 91-122 - FUNDING FOR SUPPORT OF WOMEN, MINORITY ... 16. Undergraduate Research Computer. 17. SUMMER UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAM IN CHEMISTRY. 18. Talented Undergraduate Minority Summer Fellowship Research Program. Press ? for Help, q to Quit, u to go up a menu Page: 1/6 WWW The World Wide Web - www - is a networked hypertext information system. Once you start a client which accesses a www server you can access other sources and services on the Internet. The text you retrieve contains links to other information sources or documents. The sources can be accessible by www, ftp, telnet, gopher, wais, etc. The information can be textual, can be in binary form, or can represent still images, videos, or sounds. The goal is to provide one non-linear (hypertext) interface to the Internet or Web. www was begun at CERN, The European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva Switzerland. There are several clients that can be used to access www, for a variety of platforms. Two clients are lynx, a full screen hypertext browser for vt100 terminals, and Mosaic, a graphical interface available on X11, Windows, and Mac systems. lynx was developed at the University of Kansas and Mosaic was developed at NCSA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications. Both of these are relatively easy to use and install. You can obtain the source for the software from ftp.cc.ukans.edu and ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, respectively. An example of lynx access. TELNET UKANAIX.CC.UKANS.EDU login: www Lynx default home page (p1 of 2) WELCOME TO LYNX AND THE WORLD OF THE WEB You are using a WWW Product called Lynx. For more information about obtaining and installing Lynx please choose About Lynx The current version of Lynx is 2.3. If you are running an earlier version PLEASE UPGRADE! INFORMATION SOURCES ABOUT AND FOR WWW * For a description of WWW choose Web Overview * About the WWW Information Sharing project * WWW Information By Subject * WWW Information By Type OTHER INFO SOURCES * University of Kansas CWIS * O'Reilly & Ass. Global Network Navigator * Nova-Links: Internet access made easy * NCSA: Network Starting Points, Information Resource Meta-Index -- press space for next page -- Arrow keys: Up and Down to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back. H)elp O)ptions P)rint G)o M)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history list This is the first page for www Virtual Library Subject Catalog The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue (p1 of 11) VIRTUAL LIBRARY THE WWW VIRTUAL LIBRARY This is a distributed subject catalogue. See also arrangement by service type ., and other subject catalogues of network information Mail to maintainers of the specified subject or www-request@info.cern.ch to add pointers to this list, or if you would like to contribute to administration of a subject area. See also how to put your data on the web Aeronautics and Aeronautical Engineering Separate list Agriculture See Agricultural info , Almanac mail servers ; the Agricultural Genome (National Agricultural Library, part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture) ; North Carolina Cooperative -- press space for next page -- Arrow keys: Up and Down to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back. H)elp O)ptions P)rint G)o M)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history list This page has a reference to Mathematics The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue (p8 of 11) Mathematics separate list. Medicine Separate list Meteorology Separate list Movies Movie database browser , the "English Server" Film and Television . Museums Separate list Music Separate list Oceanography -- press space for next page -- Arrow keys: Up and Down to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back. H)elp O)ptions P)rint G)o M)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history list And now the first page of the Mathematics listing The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Mathematics (p1 of 5) VIRTUAL LIBRARY MATHEMATICS Information categorised by subject. See also other subjects . Please mail boyd@math.fsu.edu if you know of online information not in these lists. SPECIALIZED FIELDS * Math Jokes * International Journal of Analytical and Experimental Modal Analysis * Center for Geometry Analysis Numerics and Graphics at UMass Amherst * Complex systems * Paradoxes * Numerical Analysis/ * Cryptography archive * FORTWIHR Bavarian Consortium for High Performance Scientific Computing * Application-oriented Algorithmic Mathematics (Mathematical -- press space for next page -- Arrow keys: Up and Down to move. Right to follow a link; Left to go back. H)elp O)ptions P)rint G)o M)ain screen Q)uit /=search [delete]=history list The other application is Mosaic. It provides a very easy graphical user interface (GUI) to www. Each page can contain graphical, audio, and textual information. There is no information provided here because of the graphical nature of the interface. You need to be directly connected to the Internet to use Mosaic. WAIS WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) lets you search a collection of data bases from one location. It also operates as a client/server model. You need to access a wais server. One way is through telnet, and there are several available through hytelnet ( SITES2/DISTRIBUTED FILE SERVERS/WIDE AREA INFORMATION SERVERS). You need to select a source or data base to search. You can select several. Then you give keyword(s). Wais searches the data bases and returns references or articles from the data bases that you can read, save, or send by e-mail. On-line help is available when you use it. Some WAIS sites available by telnet are sunsite.unc.edu and quake.think.com. The wais system resulted from a joint project by Thinking Machines, Apple Computer, and Dow Jones. Use of Services and Resources * Many of the services and resources available on the Internet are provided as a service; generally without charge. * Users access these services without any guarantee that they will be available or fully operative at the time of access. * Users need to realize this and refrain from complaining about the shortcomings or lack of availability of these services and resources. * The services are offered in a spirit of cooperation and need to be used in the same manner. * Some services such as telnet or ftp allow access to another or foreign system. Those services are used by guests. Naturally, the guests shouldn't abuse the hospitality of their hosts. In terms of these services this often means * refraining or limiting access to non-peak hours, * not accessing systems for long periods of time, or * in the case of ftp not depositing large numbers of files on host systems. Selected Internet Resources Ernest Ackermann, Department of Computer Science, Mary Washington College Fredericksburg, VA 22401 ernie@oregano.mwc.edu Acceptable Use Policies: --> ftp://nic.merit.edu/acceptable.use.policies/ ftp to nic.merit.edu. Several policies are in the directory acceptable.use.policies. Guides to Internet Resources and Services: --> Scott Yanoff's "Internet Services List" ftp csd4.csd.uwm.edu, cd pub, get inet.services.txt ftp://csd4.csd.uwm.edu/pub/inet.services.txt --> John December's "Information Sources: the Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication" ftp ftp.rpi.edu, cd pub/communications, get internet-cmc.txt Also available in other formats. ftp://ftp.rpi.edu/pub/communications/internet-cmc.txt http://www.rpi.edu/Internet/Guides/decemj/internet-cmc.html --> John December's "Internet Tools Summary" ftp ftp.rpi.edu, cd pub/communications, get internet-tools.txt Also available in other formats. ftp://ftp.rpi.edu/pub/communications/internet-tools.txt http://www.rpi.edu/Internet/Guides/decemj/internet-tools.html Sources of Information about the Internet: --> ftp or gopher to nic.merit.edu --> ftp or gopher to internic.net Interest groups/Listservers/Discussion Groups: --> email to any listserver with message list global for example email to listserv@cunyvm.cuny.edu --> email to listserv@kentvm.kent.edu with message get acadlist file1 --> ftp to ksuvxa.kent.edu, cd to library, get acadlist.file1, ftp://ksuvxa.kent.edu/library/acadlist.file1 --> ftp to crvax.sri.com, cd to netinfo, get the file interest-groups, ftp://crvax.sri.com/netinfo/interest-groups --> gopher to Virtual Reference Desk offered by UC Irvine gopher peg.cwis.uci.edu, gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu Internet Services Sources: --> archie: software for a variety of systems, documentation ftp nic.sura.net or ftp archie.ans.net, cd pub/archie. ftp://nic.sura.net/pub/archie/ --> archie: help document e-mail to archie@archie.unl.edu with message "help" --> compression information ftp ftp.cso.uiuc.edu, cd doc/pcnet, get the file compression, ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/doc/pcnet/compression ftp rtfm.mit.edu, cd pub/usenet/news.answers, go to the directory compression-faq ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/compression-faq/ --> gopher: software,documents ftp boombox.micro.umn.edu, cd pub/gopher. ftp://boombox.micro.umn.edu/pub/gopher gopher gopher.tc.umn.edu. gopher://gopher.tc.umn.edu/ --> hytelnet: software for PC, UNIX, and VMS. ftp ftp.usask.ca, cd pub/hytelnet. ftp://ftp.usask.ca/pub/hytelnet/ --> lynx: software, documents ftp ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu, cd pub/WWW/lynx. ftp://ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu/pub/WWW/lynx. --> Mosaic: software, documents ftp ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu, cd Mosaic. ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Mosaic --> wais: software, documents, lists of databases ftp wais.think.com, cd wais. ftp://wais.think.com/wais/ --> www: software, documents ftp info.cern.ch, cd pub/www. ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/ Software Archives accessible by anonymous ftp: --> archive.umich.edu All types --> ftp.csc.liv.ac.uk or --> ftp.cae.uwisc.edu HP porting centers --> ftp.cso.uiuc.edu All Types --> ftp.uu.net All Types --> gatekeeper.dec.com DEC, VMS, other types --> garbo.uwasa.fi PC'c and UNIX --> oak.oakland.edu PC's and UNIX --> prep.ai.mit.edu GNU software --> sunsite.unc.ed SUN --> wuarchive.wustl.edu All Types Selected Gopher Sites: --> American Mathematical Society (AMS) Use the command: gopher e-math.ams.com --> Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Use the command: gopher gopher.acm.org --> AMI-A Friendly Public Interface Gopher (Software Libraries) Use the command: gopher gopher.Mountain.Net --> Clemson Laboratory Repository - Lab Materials for CS courses Use the command: gopher club.cs.clemson.edu 1978 --> Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility Main Directory Use the command: gopher gopher.cpsr.org --> Computing and Communications Use the command: gopher minerva.acc.virginia.edu --> Electronic Frontier Foundation Use the command: gopher gopher.eff.org --> English-Server Use the command: gopher english-server.hss.cmu.edu --> HENSA micros (National software archive, Lancaster univ.), (UK) Use the command: gopher micros.hensa.ac.uk --> IEEE Use the command: gopher gopher.ieee.org --> IMB Jena Gopher - Search and Retrieve Software Use the command: gopher gopher.gdb.org --> Infoslug UCSC Use the command: gopher gopher.ucsc.edu --> NIH National Institutes of Health Use the command: gopher gopher.nih.gov --> NIST Computer Security gopher Use the command: gopher csrc.ncsl.nist.gov 71 --> NRaD Use the command: gopher gopher.nosc.mil --> NREN, NII, and Miscellaneous News Items Use the command: gopher ietf.cnri.reston.va.us --> NSF National Science Foundation Use the command: gopher stis.nsf.gov --> Oakland University (OAK SoftwareRepository - oak.oakland.edu) Use the command: gopher gopher.acs.oakland.edu --> Researcher Tools Use the command: gopher itsa.ucsf.edu --> Researcher UCI Use the command: gopher gopher-server.cwis.uci.edu --> RiceInfo (Rice University CWIS) (Computing) Use the command: gopher riceinfo.rice.edu --> Texas A&M (Software) Use the command: gopher gopher.tamu.edu --> The Researcher UCSC Use the command: gopher scilibx.ucsc.edu --> The Virtual Researcher: Sciences by Subject Use the command: gopher itocsivm.csi.it --> University of Michigan GOpherBLUE - Software Archives Use the command: gopher gopher.archive.merit.net --> University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Ogrphre/SUNsite Archives) Use the command: gopher gopher.unc.edu --> University of Texas - Dallas Use the command: gopher gopher.utdallas.edu WWW, Mosaic, lynx URL sources: --> Global Network Navigator http://nearnet.gnn.com/GNN-ORA.html --> Internet Resources Meta-Index http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/MetaIndex.html --> Nova-Links http://alpha.acast.nova.edu/start.html --> RICE Gopher Server gopher://riceinfo.rice.edu/11/Subject/Computing --> Starting Points For Internet Exploration http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/StartingPoints/NetworkStartingPoints.html --> The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Computing http://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/bySubject/Computing/Overview.html --> The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Mathematics http://euclid.math.fsu.edu/Science/math.html --> UCSTRI -- Cover Page, Unified Computer Science TR Index http://cs.indiana.edu/cstr/search --> What's New With NCSA Mosaic http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Docs/whats-new.html --> WWW Starting Point, University of Kansas http://www.cc.ukans.edu/about_lynx/www_start.html